So what? Nobody cares how you begged ,borrowed,and stole your way through school . Now, surprise us by contributing an actual argument or point to the discussion. No, pinching off a link to an article you never read and don't understand does not count.
MTdna is evidence for Out of Africa. There is evidence for a multi-regional hypothesis for the origin of Homo but it pales in comparison to Out of Africa.
Right. And likely there was more than one wave out of Africa, and then there was the resulting admixture that came along with that and with peoples migrating east-then-west, north-then-south, etc.
Salmonella and E coli dIverged about 10MYA. The shigella toxin in E coli occurred via transduction a method for evolution, two of many.
Remind me. I don't have clue one what you are discussing. What context are you talking of reference dissolved Oxygen? Chemistry in college must be very standard.
Likely you say. Try to be definitive. Somebody, probably you, declared blacks arrived in Europe. Show proof. Why would blacks change to whites?
And they got it on with denisovans and neandertals. And denisovans and neandertals with each other. What a party!
Stop trying to change the subject, Robert. If you don't understand the material, then just ask one of us.
Why not leave Africa? And....you do realize we are talking about the migrations that took 1000s of years, right? I imagine you with this picture in your head of a Kenyan marathon runner running from Kenya to Eastern China.
For an odd reason, you can bet your bottom dollar that people with your view are devoted Democrats. If you vote for republican, say so.
Africa has such a varied climate. You can live in temperate zones or very cold weather to severe heat. The path out of Africa seems to hold no advantages.
Of course, it isn't as easy to survive as you make it sound. Nomads were...in nutshell...nomadic! Males splintered off and found new tribes. Humans spread out over space were less susceptible to pandemic, which furthermore encouraged migration, even as little as a mile a year(how many years to span 5000 miles? You do the math). Humans were ignorant and shortsighted. They were not planning cities and long term food solutions. A bad storm was smiting from the gods, and so they moved. An ecological shudder of the food chain, as short lived as those may be, would have forced humans to move or die (that's quite the motivator). I could keep going and going...suffice it to say there is literally a huge list of reasons for them to have migrated and dispersed, and of reasons why this migration and dispersion was awarded by natural selection. As I am sure the expert in the book you bought told you.
Empty words, with no facts, evidence, or reason. I can only dismiss unevidenced assertions. If you have an 'idea' of the 'methods of evolution, then present them. Alluding to some mystical mechanism is not a scientific debate.