Preventive care from who? It doesn't pay to provide preventive care, so naturally the private sector isn't good at providing it. Some HMOs think about it, like Kaiser, but they have a tendency to undertreat their patients to save money because of the way they're structured, while many others overtreat to make money off of procedures. It's difficult to align the incentives of profit and health.
Limiting the life of patents would probably mostly discourage new drug development a little with little impact on costs. I can't think of many amazing new brand-name drugs that we need to get off-patent so that we can save people because the drug companies aren't innovating anyway. Exception to the lack of innovation is biologics (e.g. monoclonal antibodies), but those generally don't become generic so a patent isn't needed.
The best solution for drug costs is single payer. A single buyer has the power to drive down costs. This is precisely why drugs are cheaper everywhere else. Another solution for both cost and lack of innovation would be to limit their advertising. America is one of the only places in the world where prescription drugs can be advertised directly to consumers, and as a result drug companies spend more on that than actual drug R&D. It's more reliably profitable to make something look good than to make something new.
The biggest impact on innovation but not cost would be to require that they demonstrate superiority to existing therapy (for any population of patients) rather than merely superiority to placebo for a new patent. Also, drug research needs to be made more independent of the company with a stake in the research outcome results - we get too many biased studies done by the drug companies.
Medicare? No, not medicare, though Medicare does better than our private insurance companies when Medicare is not being provided by private insurance companies (Medicare Advantage, Part D). I said the French earlier. The VA in America was also good for about 10 years before it became severely underfunded.
Which doesn't tell me anything about whether those procedures were appopriate or not.
The problem is that EMTALA only effectively applied to Emergency Departments, which are great for saving lives, but extremely inefficient as a primary source of care. I had no part in passing EMTALA.
Medical tourism goes both ways and all over the place. America tends to have the most cutting edge, if not proven to be effective, techniques, but America is extremely expensive. There are other countries that also have cutting edge technology, again like France. It's about half as expensive to get the same procedure in Canada, but they do place limits on elective procedures. Britain and France have a similar arrangement as Canada and America do in terms of France importing British patients. Cuba is also a popular medical tourism destination for low cost at acceptable quality, attracting >20k patients per year.
About 10 times as many people leave America to get care elsewhere, as come to America for care. I wish I could find something more recent but here's an example:
750,000 left in 2007:
http://www.ipa.org.au/publications/9...-in-healthcare
65-80k came here in 2007:
http://www.forbes.com/2008/05/25/hea...tsourcing.html
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