Evolution and Retroviruses

Discussion in 'Science' started by Distraff, Mar 10, 2016.

  1. Distraff

    Distraff Well-Known Member

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    I have always found evolution very interesting. I recently read about the role of retroviruses in evolution. Some viruses when they spread through the body will attack a cell and insert their DNA into the cell's DNA. The DNA that is inserted is used to build proteins to take over the cell and use it to jump on to other cells. If these get into reproductive cells then they will be inherited.

    In fact 5-10% of human DNA is retrovirus DNA and it is unlikely we would have so many if we had only been around for 6,000 years. We know they are retrovirus because they have the exact same sequence of retrovirus genes that are used to build the retrovirus, take over the cell, and take over more cells. They are bordered by identical LTR sequences which are the parts of the host cell DNA that were torn apart and rebuilt and is the collateral damage evidence of the insertion.
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    Some retrovirus DNA is used by the body for non-coding purposes to sort of be there to help the coding DNA get turned into proteins. Originally they were used by the virus to code proteins to invade the body, but now they are being used by the body in a way that their sequence does not really matter like much non-coding DNA.

    We have found that humans share the exact same location of many retrovirus sequences with many apes and the more similar the species the less mutation difference there is between the different versions of the shared retrovirus sequences in certain shared retroviruses studied by geneticists. These mutation differences happen after the species split and the longer two species have been separate the more mutations and therefore the more difference.
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    Also, since only 1-2% of human DNA is different and 5-10% of human is retrovirus mathematically most retrovirus sequences have to be shared between humans and apes even if all the DNA difference was retrovirus DNA. In fact scientists have found that only 5-10% of DNA difference between humans and apes are retrovirus so only about .1% of DNA is retrovirus and different from chimps, so 99% of retrovirus DNA is shared between humans and apes in the same locations which is incredible to have such a match up in such a long DNA sequence.

    We know that retroviruses don't only get inserted in specific locations in the DNA because they are everywhere in human DNA and in all sorts of random locations. Evolution easily explains this because we and chimpanzees inherited most of our DNA from a common ancestor.

    Source:
    http://www.evolutionarymodel.com/ervs.htm
     
    waltky likes this.
  2. waltky

    waltky Well-Known Member

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    Granny says, "Dat's right...
    :grandma:
    ... is why diseases mutate an' develop immunity to drugs."
    :omg:
     
  3. contrails

    contrails Active Member

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  4. RandomObserver

    RandomObserver Active Member

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    You might be interested in reading this article from Discover magazine:
    http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2012/02/14/mammals-made-by-viruses/#.VxewXUZ1hWJ

    It explains that scientists identified an interesting gene (syncytin) in the human genome. It encoded a protein made only by cells in the placenta. They recognized that it matched a gene sequence typical of a virus. "Originally, syncytin allowed viruses to fuse host cells together so they could spread from one cell to another. Now the protein allowed babies to fuse to their mothers."

    From that article:

    The cells that made syncytin were located only where the placenta made contact with the uterus. They fuse together to create a single cellular layer, called the syncytiotrophoblast, which is essential to a fetus for drawing nutrients from its mother. The scientists discovered that in order to fuse together, the cells must first make syncytin.

    What made syncytin peculiar was that it was not a human gene. It bore all the hallmarks of a gene from a virus.
     
  5. contrails

    contrails Active Member

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    So essentially they have discovered a piece of the puzzle of how mammals evolved. Cool.
     
  6. DoctorWho

    DoctorWho Well-Known Member

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    Whether or not some really advanced beings, Scientists, (GOD) had a hand in creating us, or it was all simply blind chance, beating all astronomical gambling odds, bottom line, you have an agenda, why don't you evolve past a caveman's simplistic grunts ?
     
  7. contrails

    contrails Active Member

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    If by agenda you mean supporting scientific research which increases our knowledge of how the universe around us works, then I'm guilty as charged. As for your comment about simplistic grunts, you must be a highly advanced being because you lost me there.
     

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