Injection to Treat Diabetes and Obesity

longknife · Jun 6, 2014

New obesity jab could be available within two years after scientists discover hormone that helps the body burn fat

Study by scientists in the U.S. identified new hormone - irisin, which increases in the body during exercise
Harnessing irisin could help scientists develop better therapies for diabetes, heart disease and other illnesses which can be controlled through exercise
Hormone converts 'bad' white fat - stores of excess calories - into 'healthy' brown fat, which increases energy expenditure
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Notice that it does stress EXERCISE. So, for those who think getting a shot is going to solve the problem, think again!

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/a...immune-available-two-years.html#ixzz33rTgvlbW

Tram Law · Jun 7, 2014

I've heard things like this before so I'm very skeptical.

waltky · Jan 8, 2015

Dat's why Uncle Ferd has Granny shovel the snow - to keep her weight down...

America Has a Weight Problem, But Were Working on it
January 6th, 2015 ~ Many Americans kicked off 2015 with a pledge to lose weight over the next 12 months and U.S. obesity statistics suggest thats a worthy goal for residents in every U.S. state.

The fattest states in America, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), are Mississippiwhere 35.1 percent of adults are obeseand West Virginia (35.1%) and the slimmest are Hawaii (21.8%) and Colorado (21.3%), but while theres actually been a leveling off of the nationwide obesity rate, none of the 50 states have much to be proud of.

When the CDC first started collecting this data in 1995, not a single state had an obesity rate higher than 19 percent. Today, not a single state is lower than 20 percent. So while weve seen this leveling off over the last couple of years, the trajectory over the last 20 years has been pretty staggering, said Jeffrey Levi, executive director of of Trust for Americas Health. Its a combination of what we eat, how we eat and how active we are.

Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity Among U.S. Adults by State and Territory, BRFSS, 2013 (CDC map)

Obesity tends to be concentrated more in the southeast where there are strong cultural traditions centered around food. Levi says residents of states with the highest obesity rates are the least likely to be meeting the federal governments guidelines of getting an hour of physical activity each day.

Its a problem thats straining the nations resources; chronic diseases associated with obesity account for almost three-fourths of Americas healthcare spending. But Levi does see some hopeful signs. We are seeing some successes in communities around the country in either stabilizing child obesity rates or actually reducing them, especially when there are aggressive efforts that combine whats happening in schools, at home and in the community, Levi said. Were seen communities turn the tide.

Turning the tide
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perdidochas · Jan 8, 2015

longknife said: ↑

Notice that it does stress EXERCISE. So, for those who think getting a shot is going to solve the problem, think again!

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/a...immune-available-two-years.html#ixzz33rTgvlbW
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I didn't read taht at all. I read it to say that this hormone is produced by exercise, but that they got the same effect when they injected it into rats without extra exercise.

perdidochas · Jan 8, 2015

waltky said: ↑

Dat's why Uncle Ferd has Granny shovel the snow - to keep her weight down...

America Has a Weight Problem, But Were Working on it
January 6th, 2015 ~ Many Americans kicked off 2015 with a pledge to lose weight over the next 12 months and U.S. obesity statistics suggest thats a worthy goal for residents in every U.S. state.
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They redefined obesity in 1997 (instantly making some people overweight or obese who were considered normal or overweight), which is part of the reason for the big change. If they had started the stats after redefinition, I'd be less suspicious of them.

waltky · May 17, 2017

Stands to reason a larger body would require more anesthetic...

Drug under-dosing: New study may explain why obese patients more likely to wake up during surgery
Wednesday 17th May, 2017 - The woman regained consciousness just as surgery was starting. She could see a canopy of lights overhead, and feel something pushed inside her mouth. Then, a tugging, searing pain, as if animals, as she would later describe it, were biting into her flesh. She tried to yell out, but couldn’t speak or move.

The woman, who was morbidly obese, was part of the largest-ever audit of “accidental awareness during general anesthesia” published three years ago, a U.K.-based review that found a disproportionate number of people who report experiencing the terrifying phenomenon are obese. New Canadian research may help explain why. The study found a standard formula used to calculate the amount of propofol, a widely used anesthetic, needed to induce unconsciousness can result in serious under-dosing for people with morbid obesity, defined as a body mass index of 40 or more, and the fastest growing weight class in the country. Anesthesiologists usually base propofol induction doses in the obese on lean body weight — the person’s body weight, minus the fat.

The worry is that using total body weight can lead to serious overdoses in the extremely obese, resulting, among other serious complications, in a rapid drop in blood pressure and decreased blood flow to the heart and brain. However, the new study finds using lean body weight to calculate induction doses for morbidly obese people resulted in an “insufficient” depth of anesthesia in 60 per cent of cases, compared to using brain waves to guide dosing. A leading cause of accidental awareness is failure to deliver sufficient anesthetic to the body. For the new study, researchers randomly assigned 60 patients undergoing bariatric, or stomach-shrinking surgery, to one of two groups. In the first group, doctors dosed propofol based on lean body weight.

The rue dose of propofol required is certainly higher than the lean body weight but a littler lower than total body weight

In the second, they used a special device known as a BIS, or bispectral index monitor, which measures brain activity to determine how deeply a patient is anesthetized. The monitor translates the information into a single number, from 100 (meaning the person is wide awake) to zero (no brain electrical activity.) The propofol infusion was stopped once the number dropped to 50. In both groups, doctors used the trapezius-squeezing test — squeezing the trapezius muscle located between the neck and shoulder — to assess the depth of anesthesia. In the first group, 18 out of 30 people were still “responsive” after the initial dose of propofol and required additional doses before reaching a sufficient level of sedation.

In the brain-monitored group, all but one of the patients was “unresponsive” at the target of a BIS of 50. None of the patients in either group reported awareness. The phenomenon itself is exceedingly rare, occurring in an estimated one in 19,000 general anesthetics. However, propofol is highly fat soluble, meaning it gets stored in fat, making it harder to reach sufficient levels in specific target receptors in the brain to sedate people for surgery. “Using the lean body weight formula probably isn’t the best method to dose your propofol in the morbidly obese patient, because it results in under-dosing,” said Dr. Jean Wong, an anesthesiologist at Toronto Western Hospital and senior author of the new study, published in the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia.

MORE
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waltky · Oct 31, 2017

Slimming down the Hispanic community...

Community Experiment to Reduce Obesity Among Latinos Promotes Healthier Habits
October 31, 2017 — The luncheon special has brought a crowd into El Puente de Oro, a Salvadoran restaurant in Langley Park, Maryland. Owner and chef, Ciro Castro, has put together a meal with a large plate of chicken, beans and rice, salad, and a bottle of water. “The plate that costs $10, for them costs only $5,” he says.

The meal deal is not only saving his customers money, it's encouraging them do what they usually don't - drink water. “When they are over here eating, they ask for juice or soda, or any other stuff - no water,” Castro says. “I ask the waiters to offer water, even if they have a beer or any other soda or other drink, they can sometimes get a sip of water.” Castro is pleased to be part of a positive change in his customers’ eating habits. El Puente de Oro is one of five restaurants in this largely Latino suburb that joined a pilot program called the Water Up Project. Its goal is to get the community to drink more water and reduce their consumption of sugary beverages.

Neighbors and Friends

The campaign depends on volunteers, like local leader Brenda Barrios, who's been explaining the program to neighbors and restaurant owners. “It’s not like convincing (the business’ owners), it’s more like informing,” she explains. "It’s more like, you know why we need to change these menus. Can you, please help your families because at the end we are a big family, a big Latino family. We want to be healthy.” Cindy Aguiler is one of her neighbors who have become supporters of the campaign. “I like the idea and very excited about the Water Up Project because it promotes water. One of the simple, healthy and cheap things is water.” She’s now drinking more water, and helping her five children develop this healthy habit by not buying soda drinks at home. “I buy juices. It’s maybe on the weekends, but try to make them drink a lot of water.”

Make it Visible, Make it Accessible

Uri Colon-Ramos, assistant professor of global heath at Milken Institute of Public Health in George Washington University, is co-principal investigator of the Water Up Project. She says the question was how to promote drinking water instead of sugary drinks. “One of the things we noticed right away that you go to these businesses, to the restaurants and you sit down and they don’t offer you water to drink,” she says. “You go here in DC and elsewhere, you sit down and this is the first thing they bring you, or there is a place where you can just grab water for free. That’s a big barrier because people would come thirsty, they would say, well give me a beer or horchata or tamarind or something really sugary. And they don’t drink water because they don’t have access there, and even if they ask for water, they would bring you a bottle of water that costs more than sugary drinks.”

And, she says, ads target Latinos encouraging them to consume more sugary drinks. “Also in their home countries, they are targeted as well, and the globalization is very real. They’re used to drinking or seeing the promotion of soft drinks as well. They come here to the U.S. and they have more access to these drinks.”

The commercials downplay the serious health risks linked to sugary drinks.

“Sugary drinks are the number one risk factor for diabetes that we don’t need to have in in our diet,” the researcher explains. “There is no reason why we need the calories that are coming from sugary drinks. At least other foods provide other kinds of nutrients. These are nutrient poor type of food that contributes nothing but calories. And those calories come all in the form of sugar.” The four-month long Water Up project started a few months ago, and researchers are now evaluating the results and feedback, hoping to make it more impactful and expand it to more neighborhoods. They hope this pilot project will inspire other communities around the United States and the world to think about what they drink and choose more water.

https://www.voanews.com/a/community...ages-latinos-to-drink-more-water/4093406.html
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waltky · Mar 21, 2018

Obesity Robs the Tongue of Taste Buds - in Mice...

Study: Obesity Robs the Tongue of Taste Buds in Mice
March 20, 2018 - Packing on pounds seems to dull people's sense of taste, and puzzled researchers turned to mice to figure out why: Obesity, they found, can rob the tongue of taste buds.

If Tuesday's findings pan out, "this could be a whole new kind of target in treating obesity," said Cornell University food scientist Robin Dando, whose lab led the research. "People don't really look at the taste bud, but it's so fundamental." Diet, exercise and genetics are among many factors that play a role in obesity. But taste preferences influence dietary choices, and some earlier studies have suggested that obese people often taste flavors with less intensity than lean people. The theory, still unproven, is that people might make up for weakened taste by turning to higher-calorie foods or generally eating more. Dando's team took a closer look at taste buds, those clusters of cells on the tongue that help perceive the five tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. They turned to lab mice, feeding them a high-fat diet that caused rapid weight gain — and then counting the taste buds in a spot on the tongue that's normally packed with them.

Two people walk down a street in New York, July 13, 2015. A new study in mice shows that obese mice had fewer taste buds than lean mice

The obese mice wound up with 25 percent fewer taste buds than lean mice that were fed a normal diet, the researchers reported in the journal PLOS Biology. Taste buds constantly regenerate as the 50 to 100 cells inside them mature, die off and are replaced by new ones. Taste bud cells have an average lifespan of about 10 days, and turnover of the entire taste bud takes about four weeks, explained Dando, who directs the Cornell Sensory Evaluation Facility. Both sides of that cycle were affected in the obese mice, as regular cell death sped up and resupply dropped.

Role of inflammation

Could fatty food be responsible? No, the researchers found mice genetically resistant to obesity chowed down yet didn't lose taste buds. The remaining suspect: the chronic inflammation that obesity triggers throughout the body. Dando's team examined a common inflammatory molecule called TNF-alpha. Mice bred to be genetically incapable of making that molecule got fat but also didn't lose taste buds. However, injecting that molecule directly into the tongues of lean mice resulted in faster die-off of taste bud cells, the researchers reported.

The study "does underscore the relationship between taste sensitivity and weight," said Dr. John Morton, a Stanford University bariatric surgeon who wasn't involved in the new work. "It's another reason why it's hard to lose weight." Several years ago, Morton gave his own patients taste tests before and after stomach-shrinking surgery, and found taste perception improved as the pounds dropped. Whatever the role of taste buds, Morton advises patients to eat mindfully — appreciating the sight and smell, and slowing down to chew 30 times before they swallow. "You get satisfaction from food in ways other than volume," he said.

https://www.voanews.com/a/obesity-robs-tongue-taste-buds-mice-study/4307538.html
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Injection to Treat Diabetes and Obesity

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Injection to Treat Diabetes and Obesity

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