Iran doesn't practically have the naval force to bring the fight to Israel through internation waters without losing their whole fleet. And I don't think their refueling capabilities would allow strikes through international routes either. Plus that would leave their planes very vulnerable.

If they wanted to hurt Israel they would have to respond via their missiles. And they would have to be roughly fired right at Israel. Which means firing over at least two other soverign nations any way they do it.

What would the likely routes be and what would we expect the repurcussions would be?