So I have this 9 page exam review, all terms I need to know, and the book and the internet have conflicting definitiions, so im seeing if you guys can help me with a neutral definition on some of these. Thanks in advance.

Free market economy
State of Nature
British Mercantilism
layer cake federalism
marble cake federalism
New federalism under Reagan
block grants


thanks guys

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All merchants/businessmen/etc are able to trade within their nation and with other countries with as little government interference as possible. All factions would benefit from this, not equally though. Not a zero sum economy. Its liberalism (not Democrat liberalism)

Hobbes - I nature all have fear of violent death
Locke - In nature all of us have fear of losing private property and "stuff."
Rousseau - Went even farther into state of nature

Basically, the phiolosphers were trying to base their governments on what humans are in their state of nature. Which they beleived was on what was most reliable. According hobbes, whats a more reliable aspect than a human's fear of violent death.

Zero sum economy. World if full conflicting influences (free traders say we can all work together). Govenrments in countries need forcefully set their economies going in certain directions. In other words, gov. need to decide in what direction gov. will go.

This is NOT socialism, nothing about taxing up the wooza. its more like rampant protectionism. Completely in favor of yourself. Give nothing to other countries. Its what Hamilton did in the birth of our nation and Taiwon did to grow. They protected teir infant industries. Invest craploads into technology (free trader is against that), and basically the govenrment is constantly working with /guiding the industries.

Mercantilism vs. liberalism (free trade)

just go to wikipedia!

wikipedia is a good source for general information, but I wouldn't trust it for specific facts/figures/numbers.

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layer cake federalism - traditional concept of federalism with clear and discernable boundaries between the powers of the national and state goverments. One level of government does not encroach upon or interfere with the other.

marble cake federalism - a more recent concept of federalism. State and national governments have established powers, but in practice these powers are shared and delegated to each other. (example: FBI criminal data files, EPA delegation of regulatory enforcement to state govts.)