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Slave Dynasty (1206-1290), first Muslim sultans of Delhi who defended northern India against Mongol invasions and reestablished control over Bengal. Qutubuddin Aybak, who was born a Turkish slave, rose to become the trusted general of Muhammad of Ghur, the ruler of the Turkish Ghurid empire, which extended from Afghanistan to northern India. Qutubuddin administered the empire’s Indian conquests. After Muhammad was killed in 1206 by an assassin, Qutubuddin received a certificate of freedom from the Ghurid rulers. He was also granted sovereign powers, thus establishing his dynasty. He died in India in 1210 in a polo accident.
The Turkish nobility of Delhi eventually chose another freed slave, Iltutmish, to rule from 1211 to 1236. Iltutmish had risen through Qutubuddin’s administration, gained his freedom, and married a daughter of Qutubuddin. Under Iltutmish, the dynasty reestablished control over Bengal, which had been subjugated by Muslim rulers in the 12th century but had again become independent. He then campaigned against independent states in central India and contained the first Mongol invasions from the northwest. Iltutmish viewed his daughter, Raziyya, as his most competent successor, but in 1236 a group of Turkish nobles and slaves at court installed his son, Firuz Shah. Firuz Shah’s incompetence led to the installation of Raziyya (ruled 1236-1240), who was eventually murdered. A succession of rulers held the throne briefly until Nasiruddin Mahmud (ruled 1246-1266) became sultan. Under Nasiruddin the real power lay with Ghiyasuddin Balban, a freed slave. Ghiyasuddin arranged the marriage of his son Bughra Khan to the daughter of Nasiruddin and eventually became sultan himself (ruled 1266-1286). As sultan, he drove the Mongols from Punjab, in northwestern India, and again reestablished control over Bengal. After his death, power passed to Kaiqubad (ruled 1287-1290), the young son of Bughra Khan. Kaiqubad was murdered after three years as sultan, leading to the rise of the Khalji dynasty (1290-1320). Mamluks, also spelled Mamelukes, purchased slaves converted to Islam who advanced themselves to high military posts in Egypt. From this class sprang two ruling dynasties, the Bahri (1250-1382), made up of Turks and Mongols, and the Burji (1382-1517), made up of Circassians; both were named for places where the troops who seized power had been quartered. The founding of the Bahri dynasty in 1250 began a succession that brought territorial gains and great prosperity to Egypt.
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http://www.nkusa.org/index.cfm anti orthodox jews hate israel www.ahmed-deedat.co.za/ |
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"Zanj rebellion"
Summary: Muslems captured black slaves from east Africa, and enslaved them across the lands. In Iraq, a few of them had an uprising and it grew tremendous momentum for 15 years, with some estimates being 3 million slaves fighting for their freedom. At the end of the rebellion, they were defeated, and slavery continued in the Islamic empire as before, with no rights, no freedoms, no nothing. Acres and acres of land tended to by slaves for the benefit of the Caliphate of Islam. "Zanj rebellion" (AD 869–883), a black-slave revolt against the 'Abbasid caliphal empire. A number of Basran landowners had brought several thousand East African blacks (Zanj) into southern Iraq to drain the salt marshes east of Basra. The landowners subjected the Zanj, who generally spoke no Arabic, to heavy slave labour and provided them with only minimal subsistence. In September 869, 'Ali ibn Muhammad, a Persian claiming descent from 'Ali, the fourth caliph, and Fatimah, Muhammad's daughter, gained the support of several slave-work crews—which could number from 500 to 5,000 men—by pointing out the injustice of their social position and promising them freedom and wealth. 'Ali's offers became even more attractive with his subsequent adoption of a Kharijite religious stance: anyone, even a black slave, could be elected caliph, and all non-Kharijites were infidels threatened by a holy war. Zanj forces grew rapidly in size and power, absorbing the well-trained black contingents that defected from the defeated caliphal armies, along with some disaffected local peasantry. In October 869 they defeated a Basran force, and soon afterward a Zanj capital, al-Mukhtarah (Arabic: the Chosen), was built on an inaccessible dry spot in the salt flats, surrounded by canals. The rebels gained control of southern Iraq by capturing al-Ubullah (June 870), a seaport on the Persian Gulf, and cutting communications to Basra, then seized Ahvaz in southwestern Iran. The caliphal armies, now entrusted to al-Muwaffaq, a brother of the new caliph, al-Mu'tamid (reigned 870–892), still could not cope with the rebels. The Zanj sacked Basra in September 871, and subsequently defeated al-Muwaffaq himself in April 872. Between 872 and 879, while al-Muwaffaq was occupied in eastern Iran with the expansion of the Saffarids, an independent Persian dynasty, the Zanj seized Wasit (87 http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9078242 http://www.angelfire.com/nt/Gilgamesh/zinj.html http://www.balaams-ass.com/alhaj/northrte.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanj http://jihadwatch.org/dhimmiwatch/archives/011457.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_slave_trade |
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This thread started by a terrorist supporter--a person who wishes and openly announced already that all Jews should be dead and Israel (A USA ally) destroyed---this, a thread which is ancient history is left in "Latest News" ------BUT a thread about the US Marines is moved to "Religious Conflicts or some such crap????????? Unbelieveable. Again I ask, does the owner know what is happening to Politcal Forum???
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"Who can this be? For He commands even the winds and the waves, and they obey Him." Luke 8:25 |
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See?
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WARNING: In the unlikely event of an accidental agreement with any or all points made in the above post, contact a clinical psychologist immediately. The views expressed in the above post are not necessarily those of Joker and/or any of his affiliates. "You have found the secret message. Do you have too much time on your hands? ...Let it go." |
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ok first of all they asked me how islam treats its slaves so i put this up
and ozek your post is biased and has no historical evidance and yes some posts which are true show how muslim slaves rose to power. Quote:
Quote:
and who are u a lady who abuses my religion-just reflects me your character you pro zionist american-you are a tratior to your own country by loving israel more than america
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http://www.nkusa.org/index.cfm anti orthodox jews hate israel www.ahmed-deedat.co.za/ |
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