Who is the Beast in The Book of Revelations?

Discussion in 'Religion & Philosophy' started by jrr777, May 20, 2016.

  1. jrr777

    jrr777 Well-Known Member

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    Some editing problems, don't know how to take off the smiley faces.

    The pope "is the only spokesman for the entire Roman Church". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1990, Vol. 26 p251

    The Book of Revelation is one of the most widely discussed and debated books among both Bible students and secular scholars. In it's pages are recorded the most dire warnings and vivid prophecies imaginable.

    The Revelation of ST. John The Divine
    ..."Blessed is he who keeps the words of the prophecy of this book". Revelation 22:7, NKJV

    One of the most captivating yet misunderstood, symbols in the apocalyptic writings of Revelation is chapter thirteen's beast from the sea, often referred to simply as "the beast". For centuries, men have incessantly speculated as to the identity of "the beast". The Bible however, is it's own interpreter. By comparing Scripture with Scripture and allowing the Bible to interpret itself, the identity of "the beast" becomes incontrovertibly clear.

    Note: A "beast" in Bible prophecy simply represents "a kingdom." Daniel 7:23... The Beast from the sea Revelation 13 is inexorably tied to two other symbols employed in Scripture, all representing the same power and the same kingdom. Revelation 17- The Harlot riding the seven-headed beast. Daniel 7- The Little Horn. When comparing Scripture with Scripture, the identity of this Antichrist power becomes inescapably evident.

    15 Identifying characteristics of "The Beast" power.
    1..Is both a church and a city. "And the woman (harlot) whom you saw is that great city which reigns over the kings of the earth." (Revelation 17:18, NKJV) Note: A "woman" in prophecy= a church(Jeremiah 6:2) A "harlot" woman, therefore= an unfaithful/apostate church.

    2..Is seated upon seven mountains. "Here is the mind which has wisdom: The seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman (harlot) sits." (Revelation 17:9, NKJV) ...

    3..Is arrayed in purple and scarlet and adorned with gold and precious stones. "And the woman (church) was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls." (Revelation 17:4, NKJV)

    4... Asserts power over all the inhabitants of earth. "And authority was given him over every tribe, tongue and nation." (Revelation 13:7, NKJV)

    5...Arose within a densely populated area with cultural diversity. "Then he said to me, 'The waters which you saw, where the harlot sits, are peoples, multitudes, nations, and tongues." (Revelations 17:15 NKJV)

    6... (Daniel 8:2-22) Completely eradicated three other kingdoms when rising to power. "I was considering the horns (kingdoms), and there was another horn (kingdom), a little one, coming up among them, before whom three of the first horns (kingdoms) were plucked out by the roots." (Daniel 7:8, NKJV)......Note: A horn in prophecy= a King/kingdom (Daniel 8:2-22)

    7... Makes war with the Saints. "I saw the woman (harlot), drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Yahushua." (Revelation 17:6)

    8... Has a single man acting and speaking for the whole. "And there in this horn (kingdom), were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking pompous words." (Daniel 7:8 NKJV)

    9... The sovereign of this kingdom exalts himself as high as Yahuwah. "Let no one deceive you by any means...the man of sin is revealed, the son of perdition, who opposes and exalts himself above all that is called Eloah (God) or that is worshipped, so that he sits as Eloah in the sanctuary of Yahuwah, showing himself that he is Eloah." (See 2 Thess. 2:3-4)

    10... The sovereign of this kingdom is identified with the number "666." "Here is wisdom Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is a number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six (666)." (Revelation 13:18, KJV)

    11... Speaks pompous words and blasphemies. "And he was given a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies..." (Revelation 13:5, NKJV)

    12... Has attempted to change Yahuwah's calendar and law. "He shall intend to change times (calendar) and law." (Daniel 7:25, NKJV)

    13... Ruled supreme for 1,260 years. "...and he was given authority to continue for forty-two months." (Revelation 13:5, NKJV).....Note: One prophetic day= One literal year (Ezekiel 4:6) Lunar year= 354 days.. Solar Year= 365 days... Biblical Luni-Solar year: Average= 360 days... 42 months= 3 1/2= 1,260 days 1,260 prophetic days= 1,260 years

    14...was stripped of authority by a civil power and taken into "captivity."... "He who leads into captivity shall go into captivity; he who kills with the sword must be killed with the sword..." (Revelation 13:10, NKJV) Note: "The sword" here indicates civil power. (See Romans 13:1-4)

    15...was mortally wounded, but will ultimately recover. "And I saw one of his heads as if it had been mortally wounded, and his deadly wound was healed. And all the world marveled and followed the beast." (Revelation 13:3, NKJV)

    Only One Power In History Fits Every Detail Of The Prophetic Description....The Roman Catholic Church

    Review 1...The Roman Catholic Church, is both a church and a city.. (Revelation 17-8) The Roman Catholic Church and the Roman Vatican City-State are synonymous. The Lateran Treaty (Mussolini-Pope Pius XI, 1929) gave Vatican City "Independent status" and recognized the pope's sovereignty within the city. The agreements included a political treaty, which created the state of Vatican City and guaranteed to the Holy See full and independent sovereignty. (Encarta Reference Library, 2004)

    2...Is seated upon Seven Mountains. (Revelation 17:9)... Rome, The City of Seven Hills, (Capitoline, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, Aventine, Palatine) The historical site of Rome on the famous seven hill... was occupied as early as the bronze age. (Encyclopedia Britannica 1990 Vol 10. pg. 162)

    3...Is arrayed in purple and scarlet, and adorned with gold and precious stones. (Revelation 17:4) "The color for bishops and other prelates is purple, for cardinals scarlet...the pectoral cross should be made of gold and decorated with gems" (Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encyclopedia, 1994 pg. 175, 178, 466) Note: There were four colors, given by Yahuwah, to be worn by the high Priest. Gold, blue, purple and scarlet. (Exodus28:1-6) What is the relevance of the Catholic's Church hidden color blue? Again Yahuwah spoke of Moses, saying "Speak to the children of Israel: Tell them to make tassels on the corners of their garments throughout their generations, and to put a Blue thread in the tassels of the corners. And you shall have the tassel, that you may look upon it and remember all the Commandments of Yahuwah and do them, and that you may not follow the harlotry to which your own heart and your own eyes are inclined, and that you may remember and do all My Commandments, and be Holy for your Eloah." (See Numbers 15:37-40)

    4... Asserts power over all the inhabitants of the earth. (Revelation 13:7) "We difine that the Holy Apostolic See and the Roman Pontiff (Pope) hold the primacy over the whole world..." (Laetentur Coeli, Council of Florence, 1439) There is "no higher authority..." (Pastor Aeternus, 1870) Pope Gregory (reigned 1073-85) "presented himself as heir to the unlimited commission...over all souls." (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1990, Vol.26,p.927)

    5...Arose within a densely populated area with cultural diversity. (Revelation 17:15) The Roman Catholic Church State rose to power from within the ten original tribes (Monarchies) of divided Europe.

    Alemanni
    c. 260
    Germany
    The Alemanni were originally composed of fragments of several Germanic peoples, and they remained a loosely knit confederation of tribes. Although several tribes put their military forces under the joint command of two leaders for the duration of a campaign, the different peoples generally found it difficult to combine, and they had nothing that could be called a central government. The Romans were displaced from the Agri Decumates by the Alemanni c. 260. (The Agri Decumates is a name given by the ancient Roman historian Tacitus to the Black Forest and adjoining areas of southwestern Germany between the Rhine, Danube, and Main Rivers.) The Alemanni occupied that region, and late in the 5th century they expanded into Alsace and northern Switzerland, thus making those regions German speaking. In 496 they were conquered by Clovis and incorporated into his Frankish dominions. The people continued to exist, yet under Merovingian rule. Originally pagan, they were converted to Christianity by Columbanus in the early 7th century. As that was the Celtic, and not the Catholic, form of Christianity, they were referred to as "Arians" by the Catholics. Between the years 718 and 732, by the efforts of Boniface, a Catholic monk from England, the Alemanni were brought under papal control.

    Suevi
    411
    NW Spain
    Moved west across Gaul around the year 406. Considered to be Arian. Became Catholic around the year 555 (Some sources say 575). Absorbed into the Visigoth kingdom about 585.

    Visigoths
    415
    Spain
    Arian. Entered Roman territory around 395. Sacked Rome in 410. Established a large kingdom in Spain and Gaul in 415. Driven from Gaul in 508. Became Catholic in 587. In 621 they gained possession of the entire Spanish peninsula. Overthrown by the Moslems in 711.

    Vandals
    429
    N. Africa
    Arian. Entered Roman territory in 409, settling in Spain. Crossed into Africa in 429. Took Carthage in 439. Captured and sacked Rome in 455. Destroyed by Justinian's general, Belisarius, in 534..

    Franks
    429
    France
    First entered Roman territory in 358. In 486 Clovis destroyed the last vestige of Roman power in Gaul. They were pagan, but Clovis was converted to Catholicism in 496, the first of the barbarians to do so. Clovis established a powerful kingdom by conquering several other German kingdoms. In 561 the kingdom was divided into four parts, three of which, after 567, were off-and-on-again separately ruled: Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy.

    Burgundians
    443
    Burgundy

    First appeared in Roman territory in 412. Arian. It appears that the king converted to Catholicism about the year 520. The kingdom fell to the Franks in 532 or 534. Now a part of France.
    Angles,
    Saxons,
    Jutes
    c. 450
    Britain
    These groups were pagan until Catholicism, which, introduced in 597, was established by the Synod of Whitby in 664. The Anglo-Saxon kingdom was conquered by the Normans in 1066.

    Heruli
    476
    Rome
    The Heruli were German auxiliary troops in Rome who mutinied on August 23, 476, bringing to an end the Western Roman imperial line. Was it really a Herulian kingdom, or simply a Herulian king who played an important role in Western civilization? As a people group they hold no major significance; but their leader, Odoacer, stands out distinctly in history. They were Arian. When Odoacer was killed by Theodoric in 493, we hear no more about the Heruli.

    Ostrogoths
    493
    Rome

    Arrived in 456. Came to power in Rome in 493 when Theodoric killed Odoacer. Arian. Belisarius expelled them from Rome in 538. Their kingdom came to an end in 553.
    Lombards
    568
    Italy

    A Suevian group who moved into Italy in 568. Arian. The changeover to Catholicism took place between 588 and 662. They lasted as a kingdom until 774.
    Frisians
    Native,
    A portion
    of the Netherlands
    Sources conflict with each other as to whether their territory was ever under Roman jurisdiction. If it was, the Romans, not the Frisians, were the invaders. This is not an example of a barbarian group migrating into Roman territory. It is also questioned whether or not they ever formed a self-contained political, cultural, or ethnic unit which might be called a "kingdom." Descendants of this people group still exist there today. The Frisians were pagan until forced to become Catholic in 750.

    Thuringians
    by A.D. 500
    Germany
    They first appeared sometime after c. 350. They were conquered by the Huns near the middle of the 5th century. But by the beginning of the 6th century the Thuringians had an extensive kingdom from the Elbe to the Danube, outside the territory proper of the old Roman Empire. In 531 they were attacked by the Franks and the Saxons. The northern part of their kingdom was taken by the Saxons, and the southern part became Frankish territory. If occupying territory within the boundaries of the old Roman Empire is a qualification for being one of the ten horns, the Thuringians probably would not qualify. Some maps of the Roman Empire, however, do include what might have been the southern portion of Thuringia.

    Bavarians
    639
    Bavaria-Austria
    Appear to have come on the scene too late to be one of the orginal ten horns. Possibly Catholic by the time they achieved independence. Incorporated into Charlemagne's dominions in 788.

    6...Completely eradicated three other kingdoms when rising to power. (Daniel 7-8) History records that the Roman Papacy wiped out three of the original tribes (monarchies) of divided Europe: The Vandals (545 A.D.) The Heruli (493 A.D.) The Ostrogoths (538 A.D.) The Catholic emperorZeno (474-491) arranged a treaty with the Ostrogoths in 487 which resulted in the eradication of the kingdom of the Arian Heruls in 493. And the Catholic emperor Justinian (527-565) exterminated the ArianVandals in 534 and significantly broke the power of the Arian Ostrogoths in 538. Thus were Daniels three horns' the Heruls, the Vandals, and the Ostrogoths--plucked up by the roots." (C. Mervyn Maxwell. God cares Vol 1p. 129)...Today there is not a single bloodline that can be traced back to any of these three kingdoms. They were literally eradicated ("plucked out by the roots")!

    7... Makes war with the saints (Revelation 17:6) "That the church of Rome has shed more innocent blood than other institution that has ever existed among mankind will be questioned by no Protestant who has a complete knowledge of history... It is impossible to form a complete conception of the multitude of her victims... and it is quite certain that no powers of imagination can adequately realize their sufferings." (W.F.H. Lecky. History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe. Vol.2;32)

    8... Has a single man acting and speaking for the whole. (Daniel 7-8) "The Pope is the only spokesman for the entire church." (Encyclopedia Britannica 1990, Vol.26 p.951)

    9... The sovereign of this kingdom exalts himself as high as Yahuwah. (2 Thess. 2:3-4) "We hold upon this earth the place of God Almighty." (Pope Leo XIII, Encyclical Letter, dated-, June 20 1894)

    10...The sovereign of this kingdom is identified with number "666" (Revelation 13-18) The Pope's triple crown holds the inscription, "VICARIUS FILII DEI which is Latin for Vicar (substitute) of the son of God." The numerical value of this blasphemous title is 666. V=5, I=1, C=100, A=0, R=0, I=1, U=(v) 5, S=0--- VICARUS=112...F=0, I=1, L=50, I=1, I=1,---FILII=53...D=500, E=0, I=1---DEI=501...112+53+501=666

    11...Speaks pompous words and blasphemies. Revelation 13:5.. Scripture defines blasphemy as: 1-Claiming to be Yah on earth (John 10:33)..."The pope is not only the representative of Jesus Christ, but he is Jesus Christ, hidden under a veil of flesh." The Catholic National, July 1895.. 2.. Claiming the power to forgive sins. Mark 2:7 "This judicial authority will even include the power to forgive sins." The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol.12 Article "Pope", p.265 3... Persecuting the people of the Most High in the name of the Most High. Timothy 1:13 "We must rank the Inquisition...as among the darkest blots on record of mankind." Will Durant, The Story of Civilization, Vol. 4, p.78.. Some historians estimate that more than 100 million people were killed by the Roman Church during the inquisition. Under a veil of Christianity, the beast was persecuting and killing the true followers of Yahuwah as well as others that would not conform to her rule.

    12... Has attempted to change Yahuwah's calendar and law. Daniel 7:25 "The pope is of so great authority and power that he can modify, explain, or interpret even divine laws." Lucius Ferraris, Prompta Bibliotheca, Article "Papa", II Vol.6, p.29.. Sunday is a Catholic institution and its claim to observance can be defended only on Catholic principals...From beginning to end of Scripture there is not a single passage that warrants the transfer of weekly public worship from the last day of the week to the first." Catholic Press, Sydney Australia, August 1900. Of course the Catholic church claims that the change of Sunday was her act...And the act is a Mark of her ecclesiastical power." Letter by H.F. Thomas, Chancellor of Cardinal Gibbons. Note: This change was not simply a change of worship days, it was a change of calendar's. Rome in the fourth century, adopted the modern counterfeit pagan calendar and outlawed the Biblical luni-solar calendar. The Papacy also removed the 2nd Commandment, which forbids idol worship. In order to keep 10 Commandments, they divided the 10th Commandment into two parts. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbors wife----Thou shalt not covet thy neighbors goods

    13...Ruled supreme for 1,260 years. Revelation 13:5 538 A.D. The Papacy working through the civil government, broke the power of the Ostrogoths, leaving the Pope's claim of ecclesiastical supremacy unchallenged. The Roman Church could (and would) now exercise her full authority. 1798 A.D. "In 1798, General Berthier (of France) made his entrance into Rome, abolished the papal government, and established a secular one." Encyclopedia Britannica, 1941 edition The Papacy ruled supreme for exactly 1,260 years! from 538 until 1798

    14...Was stripped of authority by a civil power and taken into "Captivity". Revelation 13:10 "The ultimate humiliation of the Church came when PiusVI was driven out of Rome by the French armies in 1798 and in the following year was taken captive by them and dragged back to France, where he died." Encyclopedia Britannica, 1990, Vol.26 p.938

    15... Was mortally wounded, but will ultimately recover. Revelation 13:3 General Bertheir abolished the papal government. The Papacy is Mortally Wounded. Rome...was granted sovereign extraterritorial status in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty and Concordat." (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1990 Edition) The wound begins to heal...And the papacy is revived.

    "Behold I am coming quickly! Blessed is he who keeps the words of the prophecy of this book." Revelation 22:7 NKJV

    This is not a new understanding, beloved. This is the Historical Protestant view of the Roman Church. We live in a very privileged time, having the ability to see this evidence more clearly than our faithful predecessors. Yahuwah has given us these precious gems of prophecy so that we may know and understand. Soon, the beast's wound will be completely healed and she will again openly seek to destroy Yahuwah's faithful. May none be deceived by the beast, this mother of harlots, THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

    Again sorry for the smiley faces, I don't know how I got them on there, and don't know how to take them off in edit.
     
  2. Margot2

    Margot2 Banned

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    The Book of Revelation is Jewish apocryphal literature that was very popular.. Its was changed to reflect Christian doctrine and written to the 7 churches of the first century.. Its not futuristic.
     
  3. egotripp

    egotripp Banned

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    Hitlarry of course. ;-)
     
  4. anomaly

    anomaly Active Member

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    11... Speaks pompous words and blasphemies. "And he was given a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies..." (Revelation 13:5, NKJV)

    I guessed Trump.
     
  5. Zorro

    Zorro Well-Known Member

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    Which one? The one that comes out of the sea or the one that comes out of the earth?
     
  6. RiaRaeb

    RiaRaeb Well-Known Member Past Donor

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    The purple is the give away, it was one of the roman emperors, I forget which.
     
  7. Zorro

    Zorro Well-Known Member

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    What are some examples of blasphemies by Trump?
     
  8. anomaly

    anomaly Active Member

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    The book of Revelations when read as anything other than, a call to arms of the Jewish people of the day and age it was written in against the Roman occupying force, is simple hysterical misinterpretation of

    those seeking to prop up their own religious fervor and agenda!
     
  9. anomaly

    anomaly Active Member

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    Perhaps your question would be better suited for an analytical religious response to groups such as The Westboro Baptist Church...

    Otherwise look up sarcasm in the dictionary.
     
  10. Zorro

    Zorro Well-Known Member

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    No. You leveled the charge, I requested some examples. You failed to supply any when given opportunity to. Since you made the claim you are the right person to address the question to.
     
  11. anomaly

    anomaly Active Member

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    I hope this helps...

    Sarcasm is the use of irony to mock or convey contempt.[1] "The distinctive quality of sarcasm is present in the spoken word and manifested chiefly by vocal inflections".[2] The sarcastic content of a statement will be dependent upon the context in which it appears.[3]

    Contents

    1 Origin of the term
    2 Usage
    3 Understanding
    4 Vocal indication
    5 Punctuation
    6 Identifying sarcasm
    7 See also
    8 References
    9 External links

    Origin of the term

    The word comes from the Greek σαρκασμός (sarkasmos) which is taken from σαρκάζειν meaning "to tear flesh, bite the lip in rage, sneer".[4]

    It is first recorded in English in 1579, in an annotation to The Shepheardes Calender by Edmund Spenser:

    Tom piper, an ironicall Sarcasmus, spoken in derision of these rude wits, whych ...[5]

    However, the word sarcastic, meaning "Characterized by or involving sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly cutting or caustic", doesn't appear until 1695.[4]
    Usage

    In its entry on irony, Dictionary.com describes sarcasm thus:

    In sarcasm, ridicule or mockery is used harshly, often crudely and contemptuously, for destructive purposes. It may be used in an indirect manner, and have the form of irony, as in "What a fine musician you turned out to be!," "It's like you're a whole different person now...," and "Oh... Well then thanks for all the first aid over the years!" or it may be used in the form of a direct statement, "You couldn't play one piece correctly if you had two assistants." The distinctive quality of sarcasm is present in the spoken word and manifested chiefly by vocal inflection ...[6]

    Distinguishing sarcasm from banter, and referring to the use of irony in sarcasm, Bousfield writes [7] that sarcasm is:

    The use of strategies which, on the surface appear to be appropriate to the situation, but are meant to be taken as meaning the opposite in terms of face management. That is, the utterance which appears, on the surface, to maintain or enhance the face of the recipient actually attacks and damages the face of the recipient. ... sarcasm is an insincere form of politeness which is used to offend one's interlocutor.

    John Haiman writes: "There is an extremely close connection between sarcasm and irony, and literary theorists in particular often treat sarcasm as simply the crudest and least interesting form of irony." Also, he adds:

    First, situations may be ironic, but only people can be sarcastic. Second, people may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression.[8]

    While, Henry Watson Fowler writes:

    Sarcasm does not necessarily involve irony. But irony, or the use of expressions conveying different things according as they are interpreted, is so often made the vehicle of sarcasm ... The essence of sarcasm is the intention of giving pain by (ironical or other) bitter words.[9]

    Understanding

    Understanding the subtlety of this usage requires second-order interpretation of the speaker's or writer's intentions; different parts of the brain must work together to understand sarcasm. This sophisticated understanding can be lacking in some people with certain forms of brain damage, dementia and autism (although not always),[10] and this perception has been located by MRI in the right parahippocampal gyrus.[11][12] Research has shown that people with damage in the prefrontal cortex have difficulty understanding non-verbal aspects of language like tone, Richard Delmonico, a neuropsychologist at the University of California, Davis, told an interviewer.[13] Such research could help doctors distinguish between different types of neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease, according to David Salmon, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Diego.[13]

    In William Brant's Critique of Sarcastic Reason,[14] sarcasm is hypothesized to develop as a cognitive and emotional tool that adolescents use in order to test the borders of politeness and truth in conversation. Sarcasm recognition and expression both require the development of understanding forms of language, especially if sarcasm occurs without a cue or signal (e.g., a sarcastic tone or rolling the eyes). Sarcasm is argued to be more sophisticated than lying because lying is expressed as early as the age of three, but sarcastic expressions take place much later during development (Brant, 2012). According to Brant (2012, 145-6), sarcasm is

    (a) form of expression of language often including the assertion of a statement that is disbelieved by the expresser (e.g., where the sentential meaning is disbelieved by the expresser), although the intended meaning is different from the sentence meaning. The recognition of sarcasm without the accompaniment of a cue develops around the beginning of adolescence or later. Sarcasm involves the expression of an insulting remark that requires the interpreter to understand the negative emotional connotation of the expresser within the context of the situation at hand. Irony, contrarily, does not include derision, unless it is sarcastic irony. The problems with these definitions and the reason why this dissertation does not thoroughly investigate the distinction between irony and sarcasm involves the ideas that: (1) people can pretend to be insulted when they are not or pretend not to be insulted when they are seriously offended; (2) an individual may feel ridiculed directly after the comment and then find it humorous or neutral thereafter; and (3) the individual may not feel insulted until years after the comment was expressed and considered.

    Cultural perspectives on sarcasm vary widely with more than a few cultures and linguistic groups finding it offensive to varying degrees. Thomas Carlyle despised it: "Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the devil; for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it".[15] Fyodor Dostoyevsky, on the other hand, recognized in it a cry of pain: Sarcasm, he said, was "usually the last refuge of modest and chaste-souled people when the privacy of their soul is coarsely and intrusively invaded."[16] RFC 1855, a collection of guidelines for Internet communications, includes a warning to be especially careful with it as it "may not travel well." A professional translator has advised that international business executives "should generally avoid sarcasm in intercultural business conversations and written communications" because of the difficulties in translating sarcasm.[17]

    A 2015 study by L. Huang, F. Gino and A.D. Galinsky of the Harvard Business School "tests a novel theoretical model in which both the construction and interpretation of sarcasm lead to greater creativity because they activate abstract thinking." [18]
    Vocal indication

    In English, sarcasm is often telegraphed with kinesic/prosodic cues[19] by speaking more slowly and with a lower pitch. Similarly, Dutch uses a lowered pitch; sometimes to such an extent that the expression is reduced to a mere mumble. But other research shows that there are many ways that real speakers signal sarcastic intentions. One study found that in Cantonese, sarcasm is indicated by raising the fundamental frequency of one's voice.[20]
    Punctuation
    Main article: Irony punctuation

    Though in the English language there is no standard accepted method to denote irony or sarcasm in written conversation, several forms of punctuation have been proposed. Among the oldest and frequently attested are the percontation point—furthered by Henry Denham in the 1580s—and the irony mark—furthered by Alcanter de Brahm in the 19th century. Both of these marks were represented visually by a ⸮ backwards question mark (unicode U+2E2E). Each of these punctuation marks are primarily used to indicate that a sentence should be understood as ironic, but not necessarily designate sarcasm that is not ironic. By contrast, more recent proposals, such as the snark mark, or the use of a following tilde are specifically intended to denote sarcasm rather than irony.[21] A bracketed exclamation point or question mark as well as scare quotes are also sometimes used to express irony or ironic sarcasm.[22]

    In certain Ethiopic languages, sarcasm and unreal phrases are indicated at the end of a sentence with a sarcasm mark called temherte slaq, a character that looks like an inverted exclamation point ¡.[23] The usage directly parallels John Wilkins' 1668 proposal to use the inverted exclamation point as an irony mark.[24] A proposal by Asteraye Tsigie and Daniel Yacob in 1999 to include the temherte slaq in unicode was unsuccessful.[25]
    Identifying sarcasm

    A French company has developed an analytics tool that claims to have up to 80% accuracy in identifying sarcastic comments posted online.[26]

    In June 2014, the United States Secret Service requested bids for software that would identify sarcasm in tweets.[27]
    See also

    Guiltive
    Irony
    Oxymoron
    Paradox
    Sardonicism
    Smirk
    Snarl
    Sneer
    Tongue-in-cheek
    Witticism

    References

    Oxford Dictionary of English
    http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/irony?s=t | The distinctive quality of sarcasm is present in the spoken word and manifested chiefly by vocal inflection, whereas satire and irony arising originally as literary and rhetorical forms, are exhibited in the organization or structuring of either language or literary material.
    Campbell, JD. (2012). Investigating Components of Sarcastic Context. "The findings ... show that the target sentences, when presented in isolation, were not seen as being conventionally sarcastic in nature. These same target sentences however, when surrounded by contextual information provided by the participants asked to create a sarcastic context, were later coded as being sarcastic by a naïve rater. [1]"
    Oxford English Dictionary
    Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2008; (Spenser, Edmund, Shepheardes Calendar: on-line text of the passage)
    "Irony". Dictionary. Dictionary.com.
    Brousfield, B. in Marina Lambrou and Peter Stockwell, Contemporary Stylistics, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010, p. 213.
    Haiman, John (1998). Talk is cheap : sarcasm, alienation, and the evolution of language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-19-511524-6.
    Fowler, Henry Watson (1950). A Dictionary of Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press.
    Shamay-Tsoory, Simone G.; Tomer, R.; Aharon-Peretz, J. (2005). "The Neuroanatomical Basis of Understanding Sarcasm and Its Relationship to Social Cognition". Neuropsychology 19 (3): 288–300. doi:10.1037/3624-4105.19.3.288. PMID 15910115.
    Hurley, Dan (June 3, 2008), The Science of Sarcasm (Not That You Care), New York Times
    Slap, J. W. (1966). "On Sarcasm". The Psychoanalytic Quarterly 35: 98–107.
    Singer, Emily (23 May 2005). "Understanding Sarcasm is a Complex Business". New Scientist. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
    Brant, William (2012). Critique of sarcastic reason: the epistemology of the cognitive neurological ability called "theory-of-mind" and deceptive reasoning. Saarbrücken, [Germany]: Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften. ISBN 978-3-8381-3457-4.
    Carlyle, Thomas. Originally published in 1833-34 in Fraser's Magazine.
    Dostoyevsky, R (1864). Notes from Underground.
    Wooten, Adam (September 9, 2011). "International Business: Sarcasm is never lost in translation: yeah, right!". Deseret News. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
    Huang, L.; Gino, F.; Galinsky, A.D. (2015). "The Highest Form of Intelligence: Sarcasm Increases Creativity Through Abstract Thinking for Both Expressers and Recipients". Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.07.001. ISSN 0749-5978.
    Kinesic/prosodic cues are among five cues to sarcasm's presence noted by Diana Boxer, 2002:100; the other cues are counter-factual statements, extreme exaggeration, tag questions, and direct cues.
    Cheang, H. S.; Pell, M. D. (2009). "Acoustic markers of sarcasm in Cantonese and English". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 126 (3): 1394–1405. doi:10.1121/1.3177275. PMID 19739753.
    Houston, Keith (2013). Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols & Other Typographical Marks. New York & London: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. pp. 36–37,217–219,221,232–233,239–244. ISBN 978-0-393-06442-1.
    "Guidance on Standards for Subtitling". ITC Guidance on Public Consultation: Codes & Guidance Notes. ITC. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
    "A Roadmap to the Extension of the Ethiopic Writing System Standard Under Unicode and ISO-10646" (pdf). 15th International Unicode Conference. p. 6. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
    Houston, Keith (2013). Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols & Other Typographical Marks. New York & London: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. pp. 212–215,231–232. ISBN 978-0-393-06442-1.
    Houston, Keith (2013). Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols & Other Typographical Marks. New York & London: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. pp. 231–232. ISBN 978-0-393-06442-1.
    "Authorities 'use analytics tool that recognises sarcasm'". Retrieved July 4, 2013.
    Pauli, Darren (4 Jun 2014). "Oh, wow. US Secret Service wants a Twitter sarcasm-spotter". Retrieved 20
     
  12. Zorro

    Zorro Well-Known Member

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    Not really. I knew your claim was bull-crap when I read it. Thanks for the confirmation.
     
  13. vino909

    vino909 Well-Known Member

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    My vote is on Sean Penn.
     
  14. cupid dave

    cupid dave Well-Known Member

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    ... so for you,... the prophesy of the 1000 years of the Christian church,... during the Monastic Age,... that doesn't count...?

    Rev 20:4 And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years.
     
  15. cupid dave

    cupid dave Well-Known Member

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    The false prophet we see today appeared in 616 AD, when he first verbally announced his Koran:


    Rev 13:5 And, (in 1440 AD) there was given (to the revived beast), unto him, (through Johann Gutenberg, inventor of the Printing Press), a (secular) mouth (by means of the invention of the Printing Press), speaking great things, (in the Koran,... and also uniformly disseminating knowledge which aided in the propagation of Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, plus the availability and the distribution of the scriptures to the common people, and other works of the Protestant Reformation) and, (also), blasphemies... (by means of the European rediscovery of the Greek and Roman classics that helped stimulate the Renaissance. The Renaissance restarted the promiscuous sexual resurgence in the newly growing towns); and power was given unto him (the wounded beast,... now inside the Eastern Roman Byzantine Empire), to continue (from 661AD, the inception of the) forty and two months, (i.e.; for 1260 years, from 662AD-1922AD: [MUAWIYA B. ABI SUFYAN, c.602-680, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty, ultimately replacing the Eastern Empire at Constantinople with The Ottoman Empire]).
    .
     
  16. anomaly

    anomaly Active Member

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    Question - What do crystal balls and the bible have in common?

    Answer - Everything... you see in them both what ever it is you want to see!
     
  17. anomaly

    anomaly Active Member

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    You obviously haven't read any thing I posted or you would have learned that bullcrap and sarcasm are entirely two different things!
     
  18. Zorro

    Zorro Well-Known Member

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    Sure, it's an old dodge. You get called on nonsense and you respond with "I was just kidding!" I've seen it before, I wasn't impressed. But just so we have set the record straight. You are admitting that Trump is not the Anti-Christ spoken of by the prophets, neither the Beast that comes from the Sea, nor the Beast that comes from the Earth. Declare it so, go find yourself a hat that says "Make America Great Again!" Wear it while you have a Saturday Breakfast at Truck-stop and we will call it even.
     
  19. cupid dave

    cupid dave Well-Known Member

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    Yes, people have many different ideas about what the Bible is saying.
    I recommend we all use history and science to better understand scripture.

    These two things support, what otherwise,... is just guess work.
     
  20. sdelsolray

    sdelsolray Well-Known Member

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    OP's post appears to be plagiarized. Is there a rule on this forum of no posting others' stuff without a reference to the source, i.e., no plagiarizing?
     
  21. anomaly

    anomaly Active Member

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    Hate to break it to ya sport but sarcasm was the intention from the git go...


    You've seen sarcasm before but are not able to detect it now?... I'm tempted to use more but considering the quagmire were in now from my first use I think I'll just let it go!


    Seems you need this so I'll try to work with you here...


    Let me get this straight...

    you want me to admit a sarcastic statement who's intention was to point out the stupidity of the fact that the bible is and inkblot ... ,and you can see whatever you want to see in it, ...is false,...

    when the intention was from the beginning to point out the ridiculousness of those trying to espouse some authority to the validity of their assertions based on

    their interpretations of this inkblot???... WTF....... you have got to be kidding me!... PLEASE GO BACK TO THE POST WHERE I GAVE YOU THE MEANING OF

    SARCASM!!!!



    Your assertions that there is some sort of validity in the interpretations you apply to this text intended for people of it's time and your assumption that it is prophesy are quite amusing.



    I don't look good in hats ... and you aren't helping your image at all here with this nonsense!
     
  22. anomaly

    anomaly Active Member

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    When it comes to bible interpretation... IT'S ALL GUESS WORK!
     
  23. mudman

    mudman Well-Known Member

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    I'm not sure what's going on here, but those are not my posts that you're quoting.

    EDIT: Those were zorro's posts. Not sure what happened that my name got thrown in there as I haven't commented in this thread.
     
  24. anomaly

    anomaly Active Member

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    Then I apologize to you for addressing comments to you that you did not make.

    The system attributed them to you and in all honesty I simply responded as I would have regardless of who responded with the responses I addressed.
     
  25. anomaly

    anomaly Active Member

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    Hate to break it to ya sport but sarcasm was the intention from the git go...


    You've seen sarcasm before but are not able to detect it now?... I'm tempted to use more but considering the quagmire were in now from my first use I think I'll just let it go!



    Seems you need this so I'll try to work with you here...


    Let me get this straight...

    you want me to admit a sarcastic statement who's intention was to point out the stupidity of the fact that the bible is and inkblot, ... and you can see whatever you want to see in it, ...is false,...

    when the intention was from the beginning to point out the ridiculousness of those trying to espouse some authority to the validity of their assertions based on

    their interpretations of this inkblot???... WTF....... you have got to be kidding me!... PLEASE GO BACK TO THE POST WHERE I GAVE YOU THE MEANING OF

    SARCASM!!!!



    Your assertions that there is some sort of validity in the interpretations you apply to this text intended for people of it's time and your assumption that it is prophesy are quite amusing.


    I don't look good in hats ... and you aren't helping your image at all here with this nonsense!
     

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