Hello. I am confused by these four things listed in the title. I hope someone more knowledgeable than I am can explain the difference/s between them. I know they all have to do with Islamic countries and that "caliph" and "imam" are more spiritual whereas "sultan" and "sheikh" are more worldly leaders. But I don't know if this is correct. Can someone help me? Thanks.
Islam is political system first and foremost, and less of a religion. All the terms are for various Islamic leaders. Here is a wonderful Website for understanding Islam---the religion of peace: http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/