The fight between right and left wingers is obsolete.
ON HAVING A CORRECT
UNDERSTANDING OF
NATIONALISM
by Kim Jong Il
It is important to have a correct understanding of
nationalism. Only when they have such an understanding can
people achieve national unity, champion the interests of the
nation and contribute to the shaping of its destiny.
Nationalism came into being as an ideology for defending
the interests of a nation in the course of the latter’s formation
and development. Although nations differ from one another in
the period of their formation, every nation is a social
community which has been formed and consolidated
historically on the basis of a common kinship descent,
language, residential area and culture, and is composed of
various classes and strata. There is no person in any country or
in any society who exists outside his or her nation, separate
from it. Every person belongs to a class or stratum, and at the
same time to a nation, endowing that person with both a
national and a class character. Class character and national
character and the demands of classes and nation are inseparable
from each other. As a matter of fact, the classes and strata of a
nation entertain different demands and interests owing to their
different social and economic functions. However, all the
members of a nation have the same stake in championing the
independence and character of the nation and attaining national
prosperity without distinction of the interests of their classes
and strata. This is because the destiny of a nation is precisely
the destiny of its individual members; in other words, the latter
is dependent on the former. None will be happy with the
sovereignty and honour of his or her nation being trampled
upon and national character disregarded. It is the common
ideological feeling and psychology of the members of a nation
to love their nation, cherish its characteristics and interests, and
yearn for its prosperity. Nationalism reflects this feeling and
psychology. In other words, nationalism is an ideology that
advocates love for the nation and defence of its interests. Since
people carve out their destiny while living within the nationstate
as a unit, genuine nationalism constitutes patriotism. The
progressive nature of nationalism lies in the fact that it is a
patriotic ideology which advocates the defence of national
interests.
Nationalism emerged as a progressive idea along with the
formation and development of each nation. However, it was
understood in the past as an ideology that defends bourgeois
interests. It is true that in the days of the nationalist movement
against feudalism, the newly-emergent bourgeoisie, upholding
the banner of nationalism, stood in the van of the movement.
At that time, the interests of both the masses of the people and
the newly-emergent bourgeoisie were basically coincident in
their struggle against feudalism. Therefore, the banner of
nationalism seemed to reflect the common interests of the
nation. As capitalism developed and the bourgeoisie became
the reactionary ruling class after victorious bourgeois
revolutions in various countries, nationalism was used as a
means of defending the interests of the bourgeois class. The
bourgeoisie disguised their class interests as national interests,
and used nationalism as an ideological instrument for
solidifying their class domination. This led nationalism to be
understood, among the people, as a bourgeois ideology that
runs counter to the national interests. We should distinguish
clearly between true nationalism that loves the nation and
defends its interests and bourgeois nationalism that advocates
the interests of the bourgeois class. Bourgeois nationalism
reveals itself as national egoism, national exclusivism and bigpower
chauvinism in the relationship between countries and
nations; it is reactionary in that it creates antagonism and
disagreement between countries and nations, and checks the
development of friendly relations between the various peoples
of the world.
The original revolutionary theory of the working class
failed to give a correct explanation of nationalism. It paid
major attention to strengthening the international unity and
solidarity of the working class all over the world–the
fundamental problem in the then socialist movement–failing to
pay due attention to the national problem. It went so far as to
regard nationalism as an anti-socialist ideological trend,
because bourgeois nationalism was doing great harm to the
socialist movement. This is why progressive people in the past
rejected nationalism, considering it incompatible with
communism.
It is wrong to view communism as incompatible with
nationalism. Communism does not advocate only the interests
of the working class; it also advocates the interests of the
nation–hence it is an ideology of loving the country and the
people. Nationalism is also an ideology of loving the country
and the people, as it defends the interests of the country and the
nation. Love of the country and the people is an ideological
emotion common to communism and nationalism; herein lies
the ideological basis on which they can ally with one another.
Therefore, there is no reason or ground to pit one against the
other, and reject nationalism.
Nationalism does not conflict with internationalism. Mutual
help, support and alliance between countries and nations–this is
internationalism. Every country has its borders, and every
nation has its identity, and revolution and construction are
carried on with the country and nation as a unit. For this
reason, internationalism finds its expressions in the
relationships between countries and between nations, a
prerequisite for which is nationalism. Internationalism divorced
from the concepts of nation and nationalism is merely an empty
shell. A man who is unconcerned about the destiny of his
country and nation cannot be faithful to internationalism.
Revolutionaries of each country should be faithful to
internationalism by struggling, first of all, for the prosperity of
their own country and nation.
For the first time in history, the great leader President
Kim Il Sung gave a correct explanation of nationalism, and
elucidated the relationship between communism and
nationalism and between communists and nationalists in his
revolutionary practice of carving out the destiny of his country
and people. He said that in order to be a true communist one
must first become a true nationalist. With a determination to
devote his life to his country and fellow-countrymen, he
embarked on the road of revolution in his early years and
created the immortal Juche idea, on the basis of which he
established a Juche-oriented outlook on the nation, and
scientifically expounded the essence and progressive character
of nationalism. Through a correct combination of class
character with national character and of the destiny of
socialism with that of the nation, he realized an alliance
between communists and nationalists, cemented the class and
national positions of our socialism and led the nationalists to
join the efforts for socialist construction and national
reunification. Attracted by his broad magnanimity and noble
personality, many nationalists took the patriotic road to
national unity and national reunification, making a clean break
with their erroneous pasts. Kim Ku, a life-long anti-communist,
allied with communists, a patriotic changeover, in the twilight
of his life, and Choe Tok Sin, a nationalist, was able to find
salvation as a patriot in the leader’s embrace. The great leader
treasured and championed the independence not only of our
nation but also of the peoples of the rest of the world. He
devoted all his efforts to the cause of making the whole world
independent, as well as to the Korean revolution. We can say
that there has been no man in the world as great as him, who
devoted his whole life to the nation’s independence and
prosperity, and a bright future for mankind. He was the most
steadfast communist and, at the same time, a peerless patriot,
true nationalist and paragon among internationalists.
I also assert, as the leader instructed, that one must be an
ardent patriot, a true nationalist, in order to become a genuine
revolutionary, a communist. The communist who fights for the
realization of the independence of the masses of the people
must first of all be a true nationalist. Those who fight for their
people, their country and their homeland are genuine
communists, true nationalists and ardent patriots.


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