A case by case basis. The maximum for a juvenile is never as severe as an adult. Sometimes character witnessing comes into play in these situations. You can't just let the young pushers off the hook or else you wont be able to break the chain. Expunging records at a certain age or length of time is an option.
Really? The most egregious example I can think of in modern history of an attempt to overthrow States' rights came from Trump. He wanted Pence to overthrow the EC votes of several states and/or to just kick the issue to the House and ignore the EC altogether. I can't think of ANYTHING the left has done in the past few decades that rises to that level.